According to archeological traces, Āryan people entered India at about the time of decline of the
Indus civilization (about 1600 B.C.) they were probably barbarian invaders, who conquered the Indus
people and destroyed their cities. These Āryans were nomadic herdsmen, who spoke in an early form
of Sanskrit, called Vedic after the earliest extant Indian texts (the Veda) which can at present be
read. The earliest of these Vedic texts of the Āryans were perhaps composed two or three centuries
after the conquest. It is agreed that they migrated from Middle East, perhaps from Iran, through
one of the three passages namely Khyber, Macron or Bolan, to halt in India close to the Shindu or
Indus river. Thus the Indus civilization suffered a temporary eclipse at the hands of these
barbaric nomads. Very soon, however, the barbarians began to follow the ways of the people they had
conquered: they settled permanently in villages and eventually in cities. They kept their cattle in
fieleds and they harnessed the rivers for irrigation.
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